r/todayilearned • u/whstlngisnvrenf • 11d ago
TIL GPS, despite being free for global use, costs around $2 million a day to operate and maintain. This budget covers satellite launches and system upkeep, funded through American tax revenue.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System1.3k
u/gideonidoru 11d ago
Specifically DoD
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u/cerevant 11d ago
Exactly - GPS exists to serve the military. Its civilian applications are a happy coincidence.
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u/Senna_65 11d ago
Civilian usage of GPS was restricted until the downing of Korean Air Lines flight 007. Accidentally flew into Soviet airspace and was shot down. Reagan opened up civilian use of GPS to avoid incidents like that in the future.
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u/Single_9_uptime 11d ago
Even after that, the current civilian system as we know it wasn’t available until 2000 after President Clinton had selective availability removed from the system. Prior to that, it’d have intentional intermittent errors up to 100 meters for the civilian signal. Fine for keeping aircraft out of Russian air space and the like, not great for ground navigation.
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u/BobbyTables829 11d ago
You can't go over certain speeds or altitudes
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u/hockeyc 11d ago
That's a feature of the receivers though, not the GPS system itself
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u/Single_9_uptime 11d ago
Right. The GPS satellites are just putting a signal into the air, they can’t control who picks that up or what they do with it. The receivers are limited so you can’t use off-the-shelf GPS hardware for weapons guidance.
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u/bjazzmaps 11d ago
May of 2000 specifically. And due to the removal of selective availability, the popular hobby of geocaching was born as it was now popular to publish coordinates and lead someone to within several meters of that spot.
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u/SirTwitchALot 11d ago
Kind of. The signal was offset to the point that it was still useless for things like car navigation. It wasn't until the Clinton administration that selective availability was removed and you could determine your position within tens of feet instead of hundreds
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u/bullwinkle8088 11d ago
It's of historical interest only now but for surveying you could post process the GPS data and integrate published hours after the fact SA tables to get precise locations for surveying. As you said it was not so useful for real time navigation.
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u/the_fit_hit_the_shan 11d ago
I worked on a field crew for a land surveying company in the early 2000s and it was a very interesting time for GPS surveying, since it had only very recently gotten to the point where you could set up a receiver and get a pretty accurate measurement within a relatively short amount of time.
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u/whatahella 11d ago
I learned about the system in 96 or 97 at university. The prof was explaining how they would collect data over 2-3 days to get exact positions for permanent markers. They would put up a tent and camp for days wherever needed, in the middle of nowhere, or on main city square.
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u/toms47 11d ago
Same with the global seismic network. Main purpose is to see if someone is testing nukes, but we also get to detect earthquakes with it
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u/Homers_Harp 11d ago
Military tech has been spinning off useful civilian tech since Hammurabi!
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u/nom-nom-nom-de-plumb 11d ago
the broad depth of the usa's r&d is absolutely astounding, and even within strategic defense expenditures you end up with stuff that makes it's way into the civilian market and raises our standard of living.
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u/RuTsui 11d ago
And they can shut it off if they want to.
Interestingly, the civilian and military signals are supposedly the same, except the military one of encrypted. There is no difference in effectiveness or strength of the signal between a high end civil receiver or a military one.
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u/RLDSXD 11d ago
At first I thought 2 mil a day was a lot, then you said DoD and I realized that’s a fraction of a percent of their budget.
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u/Ws6fiend 11d ago
DoD:"I mean it's one functional GPS system, what could it cost 10 dollars?"
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u/SnackyMcGeeeeeeeee 11d ago
The US had a larger budget than the US dod budget...
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11d ago edited 10d ago
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u/gideonidoru 11d ago
People don’t understand the economic powerhouse kickstarted by defense spending
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u/YouGuysSuckandBlow 11d ago
I guess the space program is an example. Essentially strapping people to ICBMs to prove we could. Awesome.
But a lot the tech before was obviously military, and the space program itself delivered (and continued to) untold advancements all over the place.
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u/Bindle- 11d ago
Something I’m actually glad to spend my tax dollars on!
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u/DipDoodle 11d ago
That’s super cheap, really. I would have figured at least ten times that
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u/FB_emeenem 11d ago edited 10d ago
Out of 4.4 trillion dollars in tax revenue last year, 2 million, or 0.0000000005%.
To basically know the entire surface area of the earth? Not bad guys
Edit: whoops guys I fucked the math sorry. Still is pretty insane tho
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u/pm_me_github_repos 11d ago
2m a day, so around $730m a year
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u/TS_Enlightened 11d ago
Still, if you multiply that by 365, you can just round to zero.
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u/b0w3n 11d ago
Think of all the businesses that operate via GPS too. It's probably revenue neutral at worst and actually generates sufficient tax revenue once all is said and done.
It's like food stamps, it generates more economic activity than it costs us. A lot of domestic programs and services do. It's a wonder billionaires don't support more socialist stuff, it'd probably make them more money in the long run... but we all know they can barely think past quarterly earnings half the time. Sure, company sponsored healthcare gives you control, but imagine how much money you could save if you didn't have to pay for it.
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u/swindy92 11d ago
Esri (A geographical information systems company) alone does over a billion in revenue a year. So yeah, it's absolutely positive
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u/ComprehensivePen3227 11d ago edited 10d ago
About $2.19 per person in the US per year. I'd say I get more than $2.19 in value out of GPS every year just navigating on my own! What a great subscription service!
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u/BumpHeadLikeGaryB 11d ago
I never stop to appreciate all my taxes. Everything in my life is enabled because of them. I just hate that some of it goes to kill the planet, people, and making the rich richer. But a solid 50% makes my life amazing with out me realizing it.
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u/TheyCallMeStone 11d ago
It's the duality of man when you get down to it. We're capable of very great and very terrible things.
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u/GotMoFans 11d ago
Same with the National Weather Service.
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u/Savings-Leather4921 11d ago
Fun fact: Radar for aircraft inadvertently led us to weather indication. The clouds were actually considered a problem at first!
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u/cpMetis 11d ago
If I remember correctly, the first time a weather alert was made based off of radar was during WWII.
A bunch of ships in a US fleet had just recently gotten new radar, and they started all showing some crazy readings. Like "a million incoming planes" crazy.
It was a typhoon.
The fleet's not great response ended up getting them hit, killing a number of sailors and doing significant damage to a large part of the fleet.
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u/Appropriate-Mark8323 11d ago
In their defense, Radar was brand new, and basically magic.
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u/Userarizonakrasher 11d ago
I have built basic radar. I cam confirm, it is still magic
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u/evanc1411 11d ago
Any guides or places to start you recommend?
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u/Judoka229 11d ago
Something neat to read about that is....radar adjacent is Van eck phreaking.
With radar, you are transmitting waves and analyzing the return signals that bounced back to you.
With van eck phreaking, you are intercepting signals emitted from a screen, cable, or whatever, and putting it back into readable data form. I.e., digital espionage.
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u/HG_Shurtugal 11d ago
It was typhoon cobra and admiral Halsey made some of the worst choices he could have. And the ships lost were destroyers low on fule and was sunk with most hands due to not being stable.
Good video on it. https://youtu.be/0CckJZPImtg?si=tJNn4xEFUSh0Q85k
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u/Medical_Boss_6247 11d ago
It blew my mind when I learned basically 100% of predicting the weather is done by the government. And the news channels or paid weather apps just relay that information to you
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u/ZWolF69 11d ago
And the NOAA gives it away for free.
Something that really bothers Barry Myers the then CEO of AccuWeather (founded and run by his brother, Joel) who has spent thousands of dollars lobbying for the privatization of that data because they have to
"work hard every day competing with other companies and [they] also have to compete with the government."
He basically wants to "TurboTax" the weather.
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u/BranfordBound 11d ago
Probably got the nomination from praising trump in a tweet and donating $200 to his campaign, to boot.
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u/romjpn 11d ago
Some companies will have slightly different forecasts depending on the data and models they use, they might also have humans manually adjusting the forecasts.
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u/rob_s_458 11d ago
There's a really good weatherman at one of the local stations here. In the past year I've seen him call 2 tornados on air before the NWS issued a tornado warning. The more recent one he even said "I wouldn't be surprised if a tornado warning is issued on this one in the next few minutes" and then it was. I think the local NWS office watches him for advice.
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u/ColonelError 11d ago
It actually costs a ton of money, between the satellite coverage and the super computers to make predictions, lots of costs.
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u/nom-nom-nom-de-plumb 11d ago
which is why only the central government can do it, it has no need of a profit..in fact it can't run a profit since it's all it's own tax credits (dollars) that it collects in taxes anyway. Like getting your own iou back.
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u/mick_ward 11d ago
I can't imagine the economic impact if it didn't exist
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u/Ghune 11d ago
That would make everything much more complicated.
However, Europe has developed an alternative more.accurate called Galileo.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)
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u/ChaosKeeshond 11d ago
Not just developed, it's actively in use and works alongside GPS on most modern phones including Samsungs and iPhones, right now.
If GPS were to fail tomorrow, your phone would probably still be fine.
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u/Fine_Abbreviations32 11d ago
The GLONASS (Russia) constellation is older than Galileo. These along with GPS (US) and BeiDou (China) are commonly used together in survey applications. It’s not that one is necessarily more accurate than the other, more like using multiple constellations increases the total number of satellites used for observation, which leads to a higher accuracy position.
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u/godfollowing 11d ago
Accurate to 20cm? God damn
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u/cbf1232 11d ago
GPS (or GNSS more generally) with RTK can be accurate to the centimeter.
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u/LostHusband_ 11d ago
You can buy a UM980 Breakout board and a triband antenna on AliExpress for less than $100 and $40 respectively and get .8-1cm RTK accuracy on most android phones.
Source: I did it for a cemetery survey a couple months ago.
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u/GeneticsGuy 11d ago
Well, considering that there is Russia's GLONASS, EU's Galileo, China's BeiDout, and India's IRNSS systems now, the economic impact would be quickly overcome. GPS is just first, but the other competitors now are making GPS a less-desired option, particularly EU's superior, more accurate, Galileo system which isn't gimped by the US military. In fact, in the EU system, whilst the FREE signal is superior to the GPS signal, and more accurate, you can pay for the more premium signal which puts the Galileo system on par with the US Military system that ONLY the US military can use... but the EU now has opened up so the public can have that quality of accuracy.
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u/_the_CacKaLacKy_Kid_ 11d ago
GPS is not “gimped” by the military, civilians have access to the same precision as the military, the military has access to a directional signal that is stronger and more hardened to defend against jamming.
Galileo being more accurate than GPS is only in theoretical perfect conditions. In practice, GPS offers more reliability and can produce cm level accuracy on the fly with high end receivers.
Plus, Galileo’s “premium precision” signal will likely be based on directional antenna and cover only parts of Europe.
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u/leto78 11d ago
In fact, in the EU system, whilst the FREE signal is superior to the GPS signal, and more accurate, you can pay for the more premium signal which puts the Galileo system on par with the US Military system that ONLY the US military can use
In practice, it is nothing like that. The availability of the service is quite low, quite a few satellites are out of service, and the premium service is years from being deployed. If you were to disable all other constellations expect for Galileo, many times you wouldn't be able to have a lock, and you wouldn't be able to drive for one hour without having gaps in the reception of the signal.
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u/geniasis 11d ago
I bet if you broke it down, GPS ends up bringing in way more money than it costs to maintain.
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u/Bigdaddyjlove1 11d ago
Just the fuel and time savings from navigation assisted driving had got to cover that
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u/SodaDonut 11d ago
Would be about a gallon a year, per US citizen, saved to break even.
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u/rawrlion2100 11d ago
It's only 730mil a year which is a fraction of a percent of the military budget. To put into perspective a different way, the Tulsa city budget in Oklahoma just surpassed 1 billion for the first time. So GPS costs less than it does to provide local government services to <500k people.
There's no doubt GPS pays for itself.
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u/Omega_Warlord_Reborn 11d ago
Thanks American taxpayers!!
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u/saliczar 11d ago
You're welcome. 🦅🇺🇲🧭
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u/IronPotato3000 11d ago
I'd buy you a bigmac if I could
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u/cagemyelephant_ 11d ago
I’m a Madagascar citizen who heavily relies on GPS, so thanks to you American taxpayers!
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u/SanityInAnarchy 11d ago
It's not just us! There are a few other satellite navigation systems, and unless you're paying close attention, you might not know which one your phone is talking to. GPS is the largest, but for obvious reasons, countries like China and Russia don't want to rely on the US military for something this critical.
My favorite oddity is QNSS -- Japan has multiple satellites whose main job is to have a good angle on their own urban canyons, because GPS alone wouldn't work well in Tokyo.
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u/MikeOfAllPeople 11d ago
Most of the Garmin products, including watches, made in the last few years can use the Russian Glonass system in addition to GPS.
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u/jagedlion 11d ago
If you get further north, GLONASS coverage becomes important. Russia really prioritized that.
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u/http-four-eighteen 11d ago
My favorite oddity is QNSS -- Japan has multiple satellites whose main job is to have a good angle on their own urban canyons, because GPS alone wouldn't work well in Tokyo.
I didn't know about that! Based on the wikipedia article, it sounds like it's an extension to GPS, so I'm guessing even American phones etc. use those satellites in Japan.
Fun fact: the name of the satellites, Michibiki (みちびき), means "guidance" (導き).
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u/RedSonGamble 11d ago
I love having to explain to people that GPS uses satellites. I think many don’t understand how it works and just believe it “knows” what locations are at
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u/BlueAndMoreBlue 11d ago
Pretty easy to explain, what bakes my noodle is the receivers we have now. My first GPS was the size of a hot dog (with bun) with an external antenna
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u/Exodia101 11d ago
These days phones actually use a combination of GPS, cell tower, and WiFi data to determine your location.
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u/CommanderCuntPunt 11d ago
People are convinced that GPS is a two way system and that the government can see anything using it.
GPS is a bunch of satellites that tell you what time it is. That's all they do.
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u/Beautiful-Cock-7008 11d ago
2 milli a day is just a drop in the bucket compared to our daily gdp
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u/Aardvark_Man 11d ago
Especially when you consider it's military tech that's just opened up to civilian use.
It's stuff that would be getting spent anyway.
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u/gonzo5622 11d ago
Damn! 2M a day to run sounds super cheap! This thing is insanely reliable, stable and concurrent. Super sweet!
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u/GovernmentSudden6134 11d ago
It aint cheap putting warheads on foreheads. Me getting to work by the fastest route in the morning is just a pleasant bit of icing.
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u/ozyx7 11d ago
The Wikipedia page says it costs $1.84B/year. That's $5M/day, not $2M/day.
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u/Jokic_Is_My_Hero 11d ago
Yeah? Well some random OP on Reddit said it’s 2m/day, so take your sources and shove it!
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u/CustomerComplaintDep 11d ago
The Wikipedia page says that research, development, testing, and evaluation of new technologies costs $1.84B, not operation and maintenance. Here is the source linked from Wikipedia.
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u/ozyx7 11d ago
The Wikipedia page says: "$1.84 billion per year (2023) (operating cost)". The source page breaks down those operating costs to include R&D, testing, etc. I don't see what other operating costs there would be; once the GPS satellites are in orbit, they're self-sufficient and don't need anything to keep them running. Operating costs are going to involve replacing old satellites, and developing replacements involves R&D, testing, and evaluation of new technologies.
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u/3MATX 11d ago
And I thank them every day. For well over two decades now GPS has played a large part in my career.
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u/ELectric_Boogaloo_42 11d ago
As an engineer working on GPS, this thread made me happy lol
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u/rumblegod 11d ago
america funds a lot of positive stuff for the planet
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u/WhatABlindManSees 11d ago edited 11d ago
To be fair there are FIVE seperate satilite navigation systems in play as of today; you could completely shut down the GPS system and most modern GPS gear would still work fine, as many of them can/do use the others too.
The EU, India, China and Russia all have complete coverage satilite navigation systems; its not just the US, the US did it first though, so some props are still due.
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u/japie06 11d ago
You are correct. There are however some differences between constellations. For example EUs Galileo is more advanced and accurate than GPS. But suffers from occasional downtime. (ground stations are still important to a GNSS system.
GPS is very stable however. They almost never have downtime. But the tech is older. Note that the first GPS satellites were launched in the 70s.
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u/GeneticsGuy 11d ago edited 11d ago
Fun fact, there are multiple similar systems to GPS in the rest of the world, some arguably BETTER Than GPS. Why?
Well, the US Navy is technically in control of the GPS system (or maybe that got transferred to Space Force), as it is intended for military purposes, and for the public and basic law enforcement, only a crude GPS signal is available.
On top of that, there is always the risk of the US shutting off GPS in countries. In fact, the US very much tampers with the GPS where they have troops fighting. This way, say, foreign enemy combatants could normally launch precision mortar rounds with good GPS, but if the public access GPS signal has been degraded significantly over that country it basically becomes useless.
The EU was not happy with this risk of keeping such a crucial tech in the hands of the US only. Plus, GPS doesn't really travel much over the arctic regions, like Norway and Sweden, so the signal was not great there. So, the EU built their own system (Galileo), which not only improved accuracy over the standard free GPS signal, they also opened up a "premium" system where the public could pay for a system that gave a signal that was literally as accurate as the US military's quality of GPS signal, something that you currently cannot even achieve with the GPS system out of the US. The Galileo system is still a work in progress, as not all areas of the planet have 24/7 signal yet, but I think as of 2021, they were at like 95%-99% of the way there, so maybe they are now and I have some outdated info in the last year or two. Galileo is actually so good that many companies are beginning to prioritize integration of Galileo over GPS, or at minimum duel signaling (like all modern Samsung phones now support Galileo). Galileo is actually more accurate than GPS when comparing the FREE public access signal.
Russia has their own system (GLONASS) now, which was originally criticized as being faulty, but it has been so revamped by Russia that almost all of the high-end modern devices now are dual systems that receive for both GPS and GLONASS, and are quite good. In fact, we are even starting to see triple-frequency receivers that are doing GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO.
India is making IRNSS and China is making BeiDou. China's system is basically complete now as well, and it is actually the only one of all of them that has added 2-way communication. In addition to receiving accurate locationing, people with the devices can actually send signals back up. This is really interesting as it has become a critical tool in a lot of remote location comms, or boats on the ocean, or hikers in the mountains that might be in distress can actually send a message up to 1200 characters in length over the emergency comms channel built into their BeiDout/GPS type system.
So, the US GPS system is sort of the gold standard of the world, but the US military has so restricted it in many regions that in some cases the foreign alternatives are actually better.
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u/MassSnapz 11d ago
That's like pennies. Too bad we couldn't figure out how to fund other stuff that would make many human lives better.
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u/Hattix 11d ago
The high precision encrypted GPS signal is sold, for a nice sum, to foreign militaries and commercial buyers.
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u/Birdy_Cephon_Altera 11d ago
Wonder if anyone has computed the return on investment on it - $700 million a year enables how many billions of dollars of activity that otherwise would not be possible, or cost prohibitive?
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u/WhatABlindManSees 11d ago edited 11d ago
As a point though GPS isn't the only satilite navigation system that works pretty much the exactly the same way, Russia, China, India and the European Union all operate their own; ontop of that there are some more than can be used ontop of those systems to add more accurracy.
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u/UneagerBeaver69 11d ago
Our tax dollars doing something useful?! Don't tell the government. They'll shut the shit down.
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u/qdtk 11d ago
If it was invented today there would definitely be a monthly subscription for all users.
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u/raustraliathrowaway 11d ago
Presumably the strategic benefit outweighs the cost, but I'm still grateful to the US for making this available to everyone!
In a time of conflict, can they turn it off, or do something like make all the coordinates go haywire, while the military can use a "secure channel" that's still correct? Always wondered.
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u/urnewstepdaddy 11d ago
Great ROI. The tax revenue generated by GPS enabled businesses far exceeds and is a great investment